Dimensional analysis of vapor bubble growth considering bubble–bubble interactions in flash boiling microdroplets of highly volatile liquid electrofuels

Electrofuels (e-fuels) produced from renewable electricity and carbon sources have gained significant attention in recent years as promising alternatives to fossil fuels for the transportation sector. However, highly volatile e-fuels, such short-chain oxymethylene ethers (OMEx) are prone flash vaporization phenomena, which is associated with formation growth of vapor bubbles, followed by explosive bursting liquid jet. This phenomenon important many practical applications, example, superheated sprays gasoline direct injection engines well cryogenic engines. The simulation a boiling spray numerically challenging due several reasons, including (1) complexity bubble process presence multiple bubbles (2) need use an extremely small time step size accurately capture underlying physics process. In this paper, we first present model microdroplets considering bubble–bubble interactions along finite droplet effects. A dimensional analysis newly derived Rayleigh–Plesset equation (RPE) then performed Reynolds numbers different orders magnitude estimate relative importance forces acting on surface. Based analysis, simplified nondimensional semi-analytical solution growth, also includes interactions, behavior reasonable accuracy using larger sizes wide range operating conditions. shown be good approximation describing rate over whole lifetime bubble, thus making it useful simulations large droplets even more bubbles. found impact dynamics result delaying onset slower compared without interactions. Furthermore, comparison DNS results, proposed reasonably leading smaller volumetric expansion.